Accounting machine



Filed Dec. 9, 1939 ll Sheets-Sheet 1 MXM AT I'ORNEYS March 7, 1944. A. HumcKlNsoN 2,343,370

ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 9, 1939 11 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 3.

INVENTOR A' TORNEYS March 7, 1944. DICKINSON 2,343,370

ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 9, 1939 11 Sheets-Sheet 3 FIG. 4.

INVENTQR Af I'ORNEYS March 7, 1944. A. H. DICKINSON ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 9, 1939 ll Sheets-Sheet 4 wsaz ' INVEN TOR.

MMMW

. I A. H. DICKINSON 2,343,370

ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 9', 1939 11 Sheets-Sheet 5 March 7, 1944.

B 1h F AT 0R March 7, 1944. A. H. DICKINSON ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed D66. 9, 1939 ll Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR.

FIG. 9. FIGJO.

i A TTORNEYS.

March 7, 1944. A. H. DICKINSON f 2,343,370

ACCOUNTIiIG MACHINE Filed D90. 9, 1939 ll Sheets-Sheet 7 125d INVENTOR.

gr zww A TTRNEYs.

March 7, 1944. A. H. DICKINSON 4 ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 9, 1939 11 Sheets-Sheet a awn/Z ATTORNEY March 7, 1944. A. H'. DICKINSON 2,343,370

ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 9, 1939 ll Sheets-Sheet 9 HDS "gr ns-rip ATToiRNEY March 7, 1944. A. H. DICKINSON ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 9, 1939 ll Sheets-Sheet ll INVENTQR BY i ' ATi'ORNEY Patented 7, 194.4

ACCOUNTING MACHINE Arthur H. Dickinson, Scarsdale, N. Y., assignor to International Business Machines Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation or New York Application December a, 1939, Serial No. 303,325

Claims.

This invention relates to accounting machines and more particularly to the type wherein a series of related entries are efiected into an accumulator and such accumulator is then cleared. or zeroized, so that it is in a condition to receive subsequent entries related to another transac tion, or accounting operation.

In some types of accounting operations, it is desirable to effect subsequent entries in the accumulator after the accumulator is cleared to represent zero. In other types of accounting operations, to be more clearly described hereinafter, it is desirable to enter in the accumulator a base or initial amount which is in an accounting relationship to subsequent entries. One form of accounting operation of the last described type, and which involves the last mentioned procedure, is the preparation of bank statements. These statements are prepared from transaction cards representing deposits and withdrawals and the accumulator will represent the balance at the termination of such accounting operations. In the preparation of such statements, the old balance must be considered and this may be derived from the previous statement. In the preferred form of invention shown herein, the old balance is represented by the manual setting of amount representing wheels, and these may be set before the operation of the machine is initiated to effect an accounting operation from a series of transaction cards. Upon starting up the machine, the machine goes through a reset cycle and the previous amount, if contained therein, is cleared out. With the incorporation of the present improvements the machine will go through a reset cycle and W111 tend to reset the accumulator to zero but the entry control devices controlled by the manual setup device will control the zeroizing mechanism so as to efiect the entry of the amount represented on the wheels. This is the initial entry and forms the bas for subsequent accounting operations. In the above example, the old balances are usually positive in amount since a balance as a positive amount is ordinarily required to maintain a bank account.

Other types of accounting operations in which t e present improvements may be found useful consist in operations wherein the initial entry is negative, and therefore is deduced from the subsequent transactions. An example of this type of accounting operation is the determination of the amount of income payable to employees who are subject to deduction of taxes required by the Social Security Act. For certain classes of employees a lump-sum deduction is made when the incom of such employees is above an amount which is legally fixed. Since such lump-sum amounts are deductions they are negative from an accounting standpoint and should, therefore, be deducted from subsequent entries. In the present improvements, this amount is set up in the manual setup device as a positive amount but by a selective control this amount will be entered into the accumulator negatively so this initial entry will be algebraically added to subsequent entries. It is well known in the art t at negative amounts may be represented by complementary numbers and in the present improvement the negative amounts are preferably entered as the tens complement of the amount to be deducted.

Obviously in the entry of an initial amount which is negative the machine will go through a reset cycle but instead of resetting the accumulator to zero the wheels of the accumulator will be repositioned so that they represent the tens complement of the amount set up on the setting wheels. With this inltial amount in the accumulator, the subsequent entry of amounts in the accumulator will effect algebraic accounting operations so that at the termination of the entry operations the net income to be paid to the employee will be represented on the accumulator.

The broad object of the present invention is, therefore, to provide means under control of the operator whereby an accumulator during a resetting or clearing operation may be repositioned from one amount representing position to another amount representing position which represents a predetermined and preselected amount.

Broadly speaking, it is an object of the present invention to provide selective means which will cause during a resetting operation the repositioning of an accumulator to represent zero, or a predetermined amount equal to, less than, or greater than the amount originally standing on the accumulator.

A still further object of the present invention is the provision of means to effect under control of the operator during the reset cycle of the machine the repositioning of an accumulator to represent a predetermined amount, either positive or negative.

A more specific object of the invention is to cause a control means for a resetting means, which resets the accumulator to zero by the addition of th tens complement thereon, to modify the operation of such resetting means so that it will cause the actuation of the accumulator to represent a predetermined amount, positive or negative in' sign.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an accumulator actuating means which is under control of the accumulator elements and also under control of a manual setup device, both in cooperation causing the actuating means to reposition the accumulator to represent a predetermined amount determined by the manual setup device.

Another object of the present invention is to provide means whereby the resetting mechanism of an accumulator may be modified so that instead of resetting an accumulator to zero, the elements thereof may be repositioned in the same reset cycle to represent a predetermined amount.

More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to incorporate in the machine a manual setup device comprising a series of wheels which may be manually positioned so as to represent a predetermined amount and to provide a control by such manual setup device so that the resetting mechanism for an accumulator may be modified so that instead of resetting the accumulator to zero the latter may be repositioned to represent the preselected amount.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a means for repositioning the accumulator which is controlled by digit representing circuits and which circuits are selected so as to eii'ect the repositioning of each denominational ordered element of the accumulator from a position representing one digit to a subsequent position representing a selected digit.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a resetting mechanism for an accumulator, which tends to reset the accumulator to zero, with associated control devices. These control devices are preferably controlled by the accumulator as well as a manual setup device so that both affect the operation of the entry control devices for determining the position of the accumulator wheels to represent the preselected amount.

While the particular form of accumulator actuating mechanism and control devices therefor shown herein are utilized for repositioning of an accumulator during a reset operation, the novel arrangement disclosed may have other uses, and may be utilized for normal entry operations in an accumulator. The selecting means for digit representing circuits has a wide variety of uses and may be utilized for other purposes. It should, therefore, be understood that while the present improvements are shown herein as having a specific application, the present form of the embodiment and its application should be considered as merely illustrative, and not restrictive.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the following description and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which disclose, by way of example, the principle of the invention and the best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front view of the machine showing the relationship and driving connections between the card feeding, accumulating and printing sections of the machine.

Fig. 2 is a central section through the card feeding and analyzing section of the machine,

the section being taken along the lines 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a detail of the card feed clutch devices shown in dotted outline in Fig. 2.

Fig, 4 is a central section through the printing mechanism of the machine, the section being taken along the lines 4-4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a detail showing the platen spacing control mechanism for the printing unit looking in the same direction as Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a section through the accumulator along the lines 6--6 of Fig. 1. The view is taken along the dividing line between two adjacent denominational orders.

Fig. 6a shows certain parts of Fig. 6 in a difierent position.

Fig. 7 is a section taken along the lines 'I-I of Fig. 1, taken through the central plane of one of the denominational orders.

Fig. 8 is a detail of the tens carry controlling cam and related contacts.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken substantially along the lines 9-8 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 10 is a view looking from the left of Fig. 6.

Fig. 11 is a view at a reduced scale looking from the right of Fig. 10 showing the'gear drive to the accumulator shaft.

Fig. 12 is a detail of the readout device for the accumulator unit, the view being along lines l2--l2 of Fig. 10.

Fig. 13 is a timing diagram showing the period of closure of the various cam operated contacts and commutators.

Figs. 14, 14a, 14b, and show the electrical wiring diagram, with Fig. 14a intermediate Figs. 14 and 14b, and Fig. 140 at the right of Fig. 14b.

Fig. 15a is a view in side elevation of one order of the manual setup device, and Fig. 15b is a view in front elevation of the three orders utilized to set up the representation of the three digit amount to which the accumulator is to be repositioned.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION The present improvement is preferably incorapplication of Lake and Pfafl, Serial No. 182,402, new Patent No. 2,232,006, dated February 18, 1941, and the following is a description of the operation of the machine.

The separate units of the machine will first be described in detail and their mechanical operation explained. Following this, the circuit diagram will be explained and the complete operation of the entire machine set forth.

Referring to Fig. 1, the machine comprises, generally, a card feeding and analyzing section at the left end thereof, which feeds the well known Hollerith record cards to the analyzing devices where they are sensed by the analyzing mechanism. The accumulator is located in the center of the machine. The printing mechanism is located at the right end of the machine and comprises a number of so-called banks of printing type bars.

MAIN DRIVING CONNECTIONS 4 is clutched to operate the card feeding devices, as will be described.

At its right hand extremity, shaft l2 carries a gear I! meshing with a gear on a shaft 2| from which the accumulator drive shaft 22 is driven by means of gears 23 and 24 so that shaft 22 is also in constant rotation. Through gears 26 and 26 the shaft 21 which operates the ac cumulator is driven.

To drive the printing mechanism, shaft 22 carries a gear 26 (see also Fig. 4) which through an idler 29 drives a gear 30 secured to the printing driving shaft 3|. Shaft 22 also, through a gear 32, drives a gear 33 (Fig. 5) which operates the paper spacing mechanism of the printing unit.

Thus, through the connections traced the several shafts l2, 2|, 22, and 3| are in constant rotation as long as the motor TM is in operation.

CARD FEEDING MECHANISM 2, cause rotation of card feed roller driving shafts 46. One of the gears 39 on each side of the card feed section has eccentrically mounted thereon one end of a link 4| whose other extremity connects with the picker 42 mounted for vertical reciprocation so that for each rotation of shaft l8, a card is moved downwardly from the supply magazine to the uppermost pair of feed rollers. The rollers on shafts advance the cards downwardly, in succession, to a pair of feed rollers on the lowermost pair of shafts 43 which are in constant rotation due to direct gear connection designated 44 with shaft l2. From this point the cards are advanced to a stacker mechanism generally designated 45 whose spring-pressed clips 46 grip the leading edges of the cards and deposit them upon tray 41.

Along the line of travel of the cards are located the upper analyzing brushes U13 and the lower analyzing brushes LB mounted in insulating blocks and cooperating with contact rollers 46 and 49 respectively. At each of the sets of brushes is a pivoted card lever 50, the upper of which cooperates with a pair of contacts 5| and the lower of which cooperates with a pair of contacts 52. respective contacts while a card is passing the brushes and permit the contacts to open during the interval between cards. I

The general operation of the card feeding and analyzing mechanism, in terms of cycles of operation of the machine, is as follows: (A cycle is represented by one reciprocation of the picker 42 or three and a half revolutions of shaft l2.)

With the machine at rest, the picker 42 is in the position indicated in Fig. 2 and during the first cycle, the picker will move upwardly to a position above the first card and then move downwardly to advance the leading card to the feed rollers driven by shafts 40 which advance it to the upper brushes UB. At the end of the first cycle, the leading edge of the card will have slightly passed the upper brushes UB, insulating them from the contact roller 46 and th picker 42 will again be in the position of Fig. 2. During the second cycle, the card will be advanced The levers serve to close their 5' by the feed rollers to an exactly similar position with respect to the lower brushesLB; that is, its leading edge will be slightly past the lower brushes LB, insulating them from the contact roller 49. Meanwhile, during this second cycle.

a second card will-have been advanced to the upper brushes so that there is now a card under the upper brushes and a card under the lower brushes. During the third cycle, the cards will pass the lower and upper brushes concurrently and corresponding index point positions will be analyzed concurrently by the two sets of brushes. At the end of the third cycle, the first card will have been advanced to a position where its leading edge has entered the open jaws of one of the clips 46 and during a fourth cycle, the clips will grip the'eard and bring it into position upon the discharge stack or tray 41.

The distance between the trailing edge of the first card and the leading edge of the next card is greater than the contacting edge of the card levers (actually of an inch) so that the card levers will rock in and out between the cards.

On shaft l8 (Fig. 1) are carried several cams which control the operation of contacts designated with the prefix CF in the circuit diagram (Figs. 14-140), indicating that they operate only during card feeding operations. On the shaft 2| are similar cams controlling contacts designated CR in the circuit diagram to indicate that they are controlled by constantly running cams.

For a more detailed description of the con struction and operation of the card feeding and analyzing mechanism reference may be had to the Patent No. 1,976,617, granted to C. D. Lake at al. on October 9, 1934.

Parnrmo MECHANISM The printing mechanism of the present machine is substantially similar to that of the Lake et. a1. Patent No. 1,976,617 as regards the type bar action so that the same need be but briefly described.

Type bars (Fig.4) are mounted for vertical reciprocation past a printing platen 56 and are resiliently supported at their lower ends on crosshead 51 which is slidable up and down on rods 58. Each type bar has a series of stopping teeth 59 which, as the type bar rises, pass the toe of a stopping pawl 66, normally latched as shown by a latch 6|. The action is such that as the bar rises, energization of print magnet PM when any tooth 59 is passing the toe of pawl 60 will rock latch 6| to release the pawl for engagement with a selected tooth 59 and interrupt further upward movement of the bar. The yieldable connection between the bar and crosshead 51 permits the bar to stop while the crosshead continues on its invariable excursion.

For reciprocating the crosshead there is the usual link and arm connection 62 to shaft 63 which carries an arm 64 upon the free end of which is a roller engaging in the cam groove of a box cam 65, freely mounted on constantly running shaft 3|. The cam 65 has secured thereto a gear 66 to which is pivoted a clutching dog 61 normally held in the position shown in Fig. 4 by clutch lever 68, thus holding cam 65 stationary. Lying in the plane of dog 61 is a driving disk 69, secured to shaft 3| so that upon energize.- tion of clutch magnet 10, lever 68 integral with the armature of the magnet will release dog 61 to engage in the notch of disk 69 and cam 65 will accordingly be rotated to operate crosshead 51 and type bars 55.

Gear meshes with a gear 'II on shaft I2 to drive the latter on which are mounted contact operating cams whose contacts are prefixed P in the circuit diagram (Figs. 14 and 14b) to indicate that they operate only during printing operations. An extension I3 of lever 00 cooperates with pairs of contacts I4 and 14a to close the same while the magnet I0 remains energized.

At one extremity of the shaft of platen 50 is a ratchet I! (Fig. 5) with which the usual spacing pawl I0 and detent 'l'l cooperate. Pawl I0 is carried by an arm which has pin and slot connection with a lever I0 connected by an adjustable link 00 with a plate 8i pivoted at 82. Plate 0| carries a block 33 normally engaged by a latch 84 connected by a link 89 to the armature of a magnet SP. Energization of magnet SP will release plate 0| so that a roller 80 carried thereby may follow the contour of cam 81 carried by the constantly rotating gear 33 and through the consequent oscillation of the plate'8i effect line spacing of the platen.

Accuuum'ron Referring now to Figs. 10 and 11, the constantly running shaft 21 carries a gear 90 which, through an idler 8i, drives a gear 92 carried by a square shaft 93 which is thus in constant rotation. The shaft 93 is supported in bearings 94 of side plates 90 which in turn are supported by the framework 90. Between the plates 90 are cross bars 91 holding them in spaced relationship and aiding in the support of the mechanism of six denomi- .IOI to each of which is connected an end of magnet winding AM positioned within yoke I00. Trailing against each ring IN is a brush I02 (Fig. 6) slidably mounted and locked in a suitr able bore in insulating block I03 carried by rods 91. The yoke I00 carrying with it winding AM and rings IOI constitutes the driving element of the accumulator clutch whose driven element includes the toothed wheel I04 and tens carry-cam I05 (Figs. 9 and 7). The wheel and cam are riveted together as indicated in Figs. 7 and 9, and are freely mounted on the section of bushing 99 between its shoulders 99a and 99b (Fig. 9). The combined thickness of the wheel and cam is slightly less than the distance between shoulders 99a and 99b so that there is an air gap I 00 between yoke I00 and cam I05. This air gap is very slight and measures about five thousandths (.005) of an inch providing just a working clearance. 0n the drawings, Fig. 9, the distance is exaggerated to show the ap more clearly.

Wheel I04 (Fig. 7) is provided with ten teeth I04a, between two of which, when the wheel is at rest, there extends the nose I01 of a lever I08 which is freely pivoted on a rod I09 (see Fig..6a) and held in the position shown in Figs. 6

thus form a toggle with the spring urging nose I01 into contact with wheel I04.

When winding AMis energized, wheel I04 and cam, I are m netically clutched to yoke I00.

and commence to rotate therewith. That is. wheel I04 and cam I05 are attracted by magnet AM and drawn to the right as viewed in Fig. 9, closing up the air gap I00 and physically engaging yoke I00. As wheel I04 commences to turn with yoke I00 to which it is now magnetically coupled, the edge of one of its teeth "4:: bears against the upper inclined edge of nose I0! and cams lever I08 clockwise (as viewed in Fig. 7) about its pivot I09, carrying the end of spring IIO attached to nose I01 to the right of a line between centers I 09 and I I I to the position shown in Fig. 6a where it will remain until the wheel I04 is disengaged again.

Lever I08 when rocked by a tooth I04a serves to operate contacts to provide a holding circuit for winding AM. The arrangement is as follows: A link H9 of insulating material connects lever I08 with a lever I I4 pivoted to an insulating block H5 in which are embedded metallic contacts IIS and II I. Lever II4 has two contact points II8 and H9. When lever I08 engages wheel I 04 as in Fig. 6, contacts H8 and H8 are in engagement and when the levers I08 and I I4 are shifted as in Fig. 60, contacts Ill and 9 are in engagement, the parts being so proportioned that the contacts H1, H9 engage before contacts H0, I I8 disengage. In other words, a so-called makebefore-break" action occurs as lever H4 is shifted.

Energization of winding AM and clutching of the accumulating wheel I04 is effected at differential times depending upon the location of the perforation sensed in the record card passing through the card feeding section of the machine and declutching is effected at a fixed point in the cycle so that the amount that wheel I04 is rotated will be proportional to the value of the hole sensed in a particular card' column. This declutching is brought about as follows: On shaft 21 is a cam I25 with which a follower I20'co-' operates. The follower is integral with a bail I21 which extends across all of the denominational ordered units. Each order has a lever I29 pivoted on rod I09 with its lower extremity bearing against the bail I21 and provided with a spring I28, which spring I 28 urges the follower I26 against cam I25. At its upper end, lever I29 has lateral extensions I30 and I3I, the former lying in the plane of-wheel I04 and the latter extending behind lever I08. 7

The operation is such that during the entering period of the cycle, or while th digit representing index point positions of the card are passing the analyzing brushes, the follower I26 rides on the intermediate concentric portion I25a of. cam I25 as in Fig. 6a holding bail I 21 and through it lever I29 in the position shown in Figs. 6a and 7. At the "0 point in the cycle (see Fig. 13) follower I26 drops quickly to the surface I25b of cam I25 and its bail I21 will free lever I29 to be rocked rapidly in a counterclockwise direction by its spring I 28 bringing projection I30 on lever I29 into the space between two of the teeth I04a. I At the same time, projection I3I engages lever I08 swinging it back from the position of Fig. 6a to that of Fig. 6, thus causing the holding circuit of winding AM to be broken. This holding circuit will be more particularly pointed out in connection with the circuit diagram. It suflices at this time to state that the circuit is made when contacts II1, II9 engage and is broken when the contacts are separated.

With the current thus interrupted, projection I30 will engage the leading edge of a tooth I04a and positively interrupt further rotation of the now released accumulating wheel I04. At the same time, the trailing edge of the engaged tooth I 04a is overlapped by nose I01 to prevent any retrograde movement of the parts. Continued rotation of cam I25 will, through portion I25c thereof, again release wheel I04 for possible tens carry operations and portion I25d will again interrupt the wheel after a single step of movement. Finally, the highest portion I25e of cam I25 will cause lever I29 to rock an additional amount in a clockwise direction to restore a tens carry lever I33, if the same had previously been rocked counterclockwise by the devices now to be described. t When magnet AM is deenergized and wheel I04 stopped, the wheel I04 and cam I05 are no longer urged into driving contact with yoke I and the wheel is free to move to the left away from the yoke, which it may do due to vibration of the machine. Failure to move back will have no efiect on the wheel as it is held against rotation, and with winding AM deenergized only aslight frictional effect would be present which in itself would tend to push the wheel and cam back.

As stated above, wheel I04 has integral therewith carry cam I (Fig. 8) which is provided with a notch I05a, and a-rise I05b. Carry lever- I33 pivoted at I09 has its nose held against cam I05 due to the action of the looped spring I34 urging lever I33 clockwise. Lever I33 carries 9. depending member I35 of insulating material through which a brush I36 extends to make contact with either of contacts I31 or I38. Normally the parts occupy the position of Fig. 'l with brush I36 lying intermediate contacts I31, I38. When wheel I04 has been advanced to register 9" thereon, cam I05 is in the position shown in Fig. 8 wherein the nose of lever I33 is in the notch I 05a, permitting elevation of brush I36 for engagement with contacts I31. When wheel I04 passes through 0, rise I05b on cam I05 will rock lever I33 to its dotted line position indicated in Fig. 8 in which position spring I34 will now hold it since the point of connection between spring I34 and lever i33 is now to the left of the line between centers III and I09. As a result, brush I36 is shifted to engage contact I38 and will remain in such position until after the carry portion of the cycle when the high portion I25e of cam I25 causes lever I29 to rock lever I33 back to its position of Fig. 7.

Adjacent to accumulating wheel I04 (Fig. 9) and carried thereby is a brush structure comprising for each readout device a holder I4I of insulating material and a wire brush I42 fitted within a groove in the holder (see Fig. 12). In the plane of brush I42 are arranged related commutator segments I43 as shown and a common arcuate segment I44. Brush I42 serves to make electrical connection between common segment I44 and each of 'the related segments I43 as the accumulating wheel I04 advances. Since the wheel I04 (Fig. 7) has ten teeth, it moves a tenth of a revolution for each unit entered. Segments I43 are spaced one-twentieth of a circle apart so that brush I42 of each readout device stops at the segments in the order in which they are numbered in Fig. 12. In the position shown the "0 segment I43. is connected with common segment I 44. This above-described readout device is shown in Patent No. 2,138,636 to c. D.

, Lake and constitutes one of the readout devices by means ofwhich the amount or total standing in the accumulator wheel may be read out, and for the purpose of the present invention each accumulator wheel is provided with four separate readout devices, each comprising a brush I42, 9. series of segments I43 and a common segment I44. The elements of each readout device are designatd by a letter, u, t, or h, designating units, tens and hundreds orders, and also by a numeral I, 2, 3, and 4, designating the four sections of the readout device.

Wmmc DIAGRAM The circuit diagram will now be explained with particular reference to the various operations of adding, listing, total printing, and resetting and to the sequencein which the several functions are carried out.

Starting cycles.With a stack of cards placed in the supply hopper of the machine, Fig. 2, the machine is ready to start. Closure of switch I50 (Fig. 14) puts current on left side of line I5I and on right side of line I52, and current will flow through the drivemotor TM. If the machine is to tabulate," that is, add without accompanying printing, switch I53 is left in the open position shown so that a resistance I54 is in series with the motor field I55 to obtain high speed operation. When set for listing," that is, concurrent adding and printing or printing alone, switch I53 is closed, shunting out resistance I54 to obtain a slower operating speed.

The first operation is to depress the total and reset key to close contacts I56 (Fig. 14) which complete a circuit from line I5I, print control relay RI, relay contacts R21: and contacts I56 to line I52. Relay RI closes its contacts RIa to energize the print clutch magnet 10 through a circuit from line I5I, magnet 10, contacts RIa, R31) to line I52. The printing mechanism will now go through a cycle of operations during which the P contacts operate and near the end. of this cycle contacts P2 close, establishing a circuit from line I5 I, control pickup relay R3, relay contacts R511, contacts P2 to line I52. Relay R3 opens its contacts R3b to break the print clutch circuit but contacts PI hold magnet 10 energized until the end of the cycle. Relay R3 also closes its contacts R311 to provide a holding circuit from line I5I, relay R3, contacts R3a, constantly running contacts CR2 to line I52. As seen from Fig. 13, contacts CR2 close when contacts P2 are closed during the aforesaid print cycle and remain closed for the major part of the next cycle during which contacts CR5 close to energize the minor control relay R5 through the following circuit: from line I 5|, relay R5, relay R6, con tacts CR5, contacts R3d (now closed) and wire I59 to line I52. Relay R6 closes its contacts R611 to provide a holding circuit from line I5I, relay R5, R6, contacts R6a, contacts CF3, to'line I52.

Relay R5 when energized remains so until contacts CF3 open during a card feed cycle. It opens its contacts R5a, R50 and R511 and closes its contacts R5b.

The start key may now be operated to close its contacts I51 so that, when contacts CRI close near the end of the cycle, a circuit is completed from line I5I, relays R1, R2, contacts I51, CRI,

R4b, R51) (now closed) to line I52. Contacts R2a close to provide a holding 'circuitfro'm line I5I, relays R1, R2, contacts R2a. and CFI to line I52. Relay R1 closes its contacts R'Ia through which the card feed clutch magnet circuit is completed from line II, magnet C1", contacts R141 to line I52.

The first card now commences to feed downwardly toward the set of upper brushes UB (Fi 2) and during this cycle cam contacts CFI open to drop the holding circuit of relay R5. However, at the time contacts CFI open during this first card feeding cycle, there is a shunt path around them so their opening at this time has no effect and relay R5 remains energized.

Near the end of this first card feed cycle, contacts, CFI open to deenergize relays R1 and R2 and card feeding ceases. It the start key contacts I51 are held closed, or again closed, the relays R1 and R2 are immediately energized again as contacts CRI close shortly after contacts CFI open (see Fig. 13). Thus, a second card feed cycle will follow immediately after the first. The shunt circuit around contacts CF! follows from contacts R512, relay contacts LCLb, UCLc to line I 52. The manner in which these contacts are controlled will be explained presently.

Just before the end of the first card feed cycle the leading edge of the first card engages the upper card lever 55 to close contacts 5| which thereupon complete a circuit through relay magnet UCL which in turn closes contacts UCLe to provide a holding circuit for the relay from line I5I, relay UCL, contacts UCLe, and CR1 to line I52. The contacts CR1 alternate with contacts 5| to keep relay UCL energized as long as cards are feed to the brushes UB.

During the second card feed cycle, as the first card is advancing to the lower brushes LB, contacts UCLc are open so that, when contacts CF3 open during this cycle, relay R5 will become deenergized, causing in turn deenergization of relays R2 and R1 and magnet CF, thus interrupting further card feeding and leaving the first card in a position where its leading edge is just under the lower brushes LB and the leading edge of the second card is just under the upper brushes UB.

Just before the first card reached brushes LB, it closed contacts 52 to energize relay LCL which through its contacts LCLc and CR5 provide an alternate circuit to hold the relay energized during the interval between cards.

The foregoing cycles comprising a print cycle, a reset cycle and two successive card feed cycles are a necessary preliminary to advance cards into the machine when first starting. Adding opera tions are now ready to commence and in the following the machine will be described as set for tabulating.

Automatic control circuits.-The machine is provided with the usual automatic control devices which serve to keep the machine in operation as long as the control perforations on the successively fedcards are alike. This device may be disabled, lbwever, so that operations continue as long as cards continue to feed. Disabling is effected by closing switch I 55, whereby when relays R5 and R5 are initially energized and cards have reached the upper card levers, a holding circuit is established from line I5I, relays R5, R5, contacts R5a, switch I58, contacts UCLb to line I52 through wire I55. Therefore, with contacts UCLa also closed the motor relay R1 and feed control relay R2 remain energized through a circuit from line I5I, relays R1, R2, contacts R2a, UCLa, R411 and R5b to line I52. when the last card has passed the upper brushes and contacts UCLa open as a consequence, the circuit through relays R1 and R2 is maintained for another cycle by contacts CFI which shunt contacts UCLa, R412 and R511 and enable the last card to be advanced to pass the lower brushes LB for sensing of the data thereon.

AUTOMATIC CONTROL DEVICES A brief description will now be given of the operation of the automatic control device to show how card feeding is automatically interrupted between card groups, After the four preliminary cycles explained above and with switch I12 previously opened, another print cycle is initiated by operation of the total key and the closure of contacts I55 as before and, as before, contacts P2 energize relay R3 which in turn causes relays R5 and R5 to become energized. If plug connections I 55 and I5I have been made as indicated to the corresponding column of the upper and lower brushes and a plug connection I52 is also made, the machine will continue card feeding as long as the index positions of the selected card column of successive cards agree.

With card feeding restarted as before, a control circuit is traceable serially through the two cards passing. the brushes as follows: from lin I5I, contacts CF4, contact roller 48, hole in the card, brush UB, connection I 55, relay winding R9, connection I5I, commutator I53, lower brush LB, contact roller 55, circuit breakers I54, lower card lever contacts 52 to line I52. Relay R9 closes its contacts R9a and Rib, the former setting up a holding circuit from line I5I, relay RIII, contacts Rta and CR5 to line I52 which is held until contacts CR5 open at the end of the cycle. Contacts RSb provide a shunt around contacts CF3 from the contacts through Rab, connection I52, contacts UCLb and wire I59 so that relays R5 and R5 remain energized and cards continue feeding.

When successive cards fail to agree, contacts RSb will not be closed when contacts CF3 open and interruption of card feeding will take place as set forth above.

Adding circuits.For each column of the card which is to be added a plug connection such as I55 is made between a lower brush LB and a plug socket I55. Then as the card passes the lower brushes a circuit is completed at differential times, depending on the location of the hole to energize the accumulator winding AM. Assuming a 6 hole to be sensed, the circuit will b completed at the "6 time in the cycle, traceable from line I52, card lever contacts 52 (Fig. 14), circuit breakers I54, contact roller 49, 6 hole in the card, brush LB, commutator I53, plug connection I55 to socket I55 (Fig. 14a); contacts MCRSa, zero elimination commutator I51, contacts H5,

H5, winding AM to line I5I. This causes the accumulator wheel I54 to be started in motion resulting in the opening of contacts H5, H8 and closure of contacts H1, N9, the latter closing before the former open. A holding circuit for the winding AM is thus provided from line I5I, winding AM, contacts I I1, I I 9, contacts CRIB to line I52. Contacts CRIB open at the time indicated in Fig. 13 just before the stop cam I 25 has caused interception of the accumulator wheel I04. Thus, the wheel is intercepted after it has moved six steps to add a 6.

Tens carru.If during the entering part of the cycle a wheel has passed through zero it will have closed its tens carry contacts I35, I35 so that a carry circuit can now be completed from lin I52 (Figs. 14 and contacts CR5, contacts I35,

I36 of the units order for example, wire I69,

carry commutator I58 of the tens order, winding AM of the tens order to line I5 I. The duration of the circuit is long enough to advance the tens wheel one st'p and no extra holding circuit is required. If the tens order stood at "9 at this time, the circuit would have continued from wire I63 through contacts I31, I36 of the tens order through the next; higher wire I69 to the carry commutator of the hundreds order, the hundreds order winding AM and to line I5 I Printing operatins.--When it is desired to have listing of the items entered as an accompaniment to the accumulating operations, switches I53 and I10 (Fig. 14) are closed, the former causing slower speed operation by cutting out resistance I54 and the latter placing the print clutch magnet 10 in parallel with the card feed clutch magnet CF so that magnet 10 is energized through the circuit from line I magnet 10, switch I10, contacts R20 and R1a to line I52. The type bars make a reciprocation during each card feeding cycle. If in the column from which adding takes place a plug connection such as I1I (Fig. 140) is made, the adding circuit will branch from socket I66, through contacts MCR2a to plug connection I1I, printing magnet PM and to line I5I so that the amount added is also listed. Obviously, if a connection is made directly from a lower brush to the magnet PM listing will take place independently of adding.

Total printing operations.As explained above, the minor relay R5 will be deenergized when a group number change occurs and opening of contacts Rib will cause card feeding operations to stop with the first card of the new group at the lower brushes in readiness to traverse the same when card feeding resumes. If the automatic reset switch I12 (Fig. 14) is closed, atotal printing cycle will follow immediately upon cessation of card feeding to print the amount or total standing on the accumulator. A circuit is completed when contacts R50 and R2b close traceable from line I5I, print control relay RI, contacts R2b, switch I12, contacts R50 to line I52 resulting as before in energization of the print clutch magnet 10. As a consequence, the type bars begin to rise and contacts PI close to shunt contacts RIa and R3b in the clutch circuit and keep the magnet 10 energized through the cycle and by breaking the circuit, take the arc.

With a switch I13 (Fig. 14, central left) closed as a preliminary, a circuit is traceable from line I5I, contacts 14 (closed due to energization of magnet 10), contacts R5d (closed due to deenergization of relay R5), switch I13, contacts MCRIb, relay MCR2 to line I52. Relay MCR2 causes closure of its contacts MCR2b (bottom of Fig. 14) and opening of its contacts MCR2a so that the print magnet PM is now connected to the common readout segment I44 of the first readout section of each order through contacts MCR2b and plug connection "I. Total printing circuits can now be completed as follows: from line I52, circuit breakers I14"(Fig. 14), contacts R5! and R312. (now closed), common segment 115 of the print emitter PE, brush I16, segments I11 to impress impulses on the wires I18 in the order 9, 8, 7, etc., as the type bars present the correspondingly valued type to the platen, wire I18 to the readout segment I43 at which brush I42 is set, through the brush I42, segment I44, contacts MCRZb, plug connection I1 I, print magnet PM to line I5I. In this manner the amount set on the accumulator readout devices is printed.

The emitter brush I18 may be amounted on the same shaft that carries the constantly running CR cams so that the brush is in constant rotation.

Near the end of the total printing cycle, contacts P2 (Fig. 14) close to cause energization of relay R3 as explained, which in turn through its contacts R3d causes energization of minor relay R5 and relay R6 during the next following cycle when contacts CR5 close. Thus, total printing will take two cycles during the first of which actual total printing takes place and relay R3 is energized. In the second cycle relay R5 is energizecl to open its contacts Ric and interrupt the circuit to print control relay RI.

Automatic start circuit.1f an automatic start switch I80 is closed, card feeding will automatically resume under control of contacts CRI which close at the end of the reset cycle and establish a circuit from line I52, contacts R51), R4b, CRI, and LCLa, switch I88, relays R2 and R1 to line I5I. Relay R1 again causes energization of the card feed clutch magnet CF and, if switch I18 is closed, the print clutch magnet 10 is concurrently energized for listing the subsequently sensed cards.

Resetting to zero operations.-The accumulator shown herein is reset to zero by entering into the accumulator the nines complement of the amount standing therein under contro of the second section of the readout device for the accumulator, and then adding 1" into the units order during the tens carry time toadvance all t e wheels from 9 to 0." It will be understood, therefore that resetting to 0 is acomplished by the tens complemental subtraction process. This resetting operation takes place during the second of the two total taking cycles and is effective when a reset switch I8I (Fig. 14) is closed. As previously explained, relay R3 is energized near the end of the total printing cycle and opens its contacts R31) to prevent the energization of the print clutch controlling magnet 18 so that the print clutch will not be engaged during the second, or what may be termed the reset cycle, and its contacts 14 are accordingly open during the reset cycle so that the relay MCR2 is deenergized.

Closure of the relay contacts R3 under con trol of relay R3 and the closure of contacts CRI2 will complete a circuit from the line I5I, contacts CRI2, R3 switch I8I, relay magnet MCR8 to line I52. The energization of relay MCR3 will thereupon cause the opening oi related contacts MCR3a for the units, tens and hundreds orders and the closure of its contacts MCR3b in the corresponding denominational orders.

Relay R3 also causes the closure of its contacts R39 (see bottom of Fig. 14) one blade of which is connected to the segment I82 (see top of Fig. 14a) of reset emitter RE. The brush I83 of the reset emitter RE is rotated by a shaft driven during resetting cycles and is adapted to successively contact segments I84 to transmit electrical impulses to a set of digit impulse transmitting wires I92 at times which are the nines complement of the digits involved. The first segment I84 contacted by the brush I83 will transmit an electrical impulse to the 9 digit impulse transmitting wire I92 at the 9 time in the resetting cycle. Thereafter, the

. brush I83 makes contact with the "8" segment I84 to transmit an electrical impulse to the 8 digit impulse transmitting wire I82 at the 8" time in the resetting cycle, and so forth. Thus,

as the emitter brush I83 rotates circuits will be completed which are traceable from the line I52 (Fig. 14), circuit breakers I14 (Fig. 14), contacts Rif, R39, segment I82 (Fig. 14a), brush I83, segments I84, to the wires I92. From Fig. 14a, it will -be seen for each denominational order, that is, the units, tens, and hundreds order, there are wire "connections from the digit impulse transmitting wires I92 to wires I93 which are connected to the segments I43 of the second section of the readout device of the accumulator. When the machine is adjusted so that the reset of the accumulator is efiected to zero, there are normal electrical wire connections between the wires I92 and the wires I93 in nines complementary relationship so that the nines complemental electrical impulses will be transmitted to the segments I43 of the second section of the readout device for each denominational order of the accumulator. In this case, a series of magnets which are designated, for example, for the units order as Iu, 2a, 3u, 4a, and BA are deenergized at this time so that the electrical connections between digit impulse transmitting wires I92 and I93 in nines complementary relationship are eflected through their lower normally closed contacts which are serially. connected. Depending upon the position of the brush I42 of the second section of the readout device for the accumulator for each denominational order, a nines complemental electrical digit representing impulse will be'transmitted to the segment I44 and from each segment I44 there is a related wire connection I94 to related contacts MCR3b, commutator I61, contacts H8, H8, winding AM, to line I5I.

If, for example, the brush for the units order designated I42u2 is at the "1 position, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 14a, an electrical impulse at the 8 time in the reset cycle will be transmitted by the connections justdescribed through the winding AM of the units order thereby causing the clutch connection for the units accumulator wheel to eiiect the entry of "8" in this order, bringing the'units accumulator wheel to a position to represent 9. By a similar operation the accumulator wheels of successive orders are rotated so as to receive the nines complement of the amount standing on the accumulator.

As previously described, upon the movement of each accumulator wheel I94, contacts H1, H9 (Fig. 14) will be closed to set up the holding circuit for the related winding AM. At the carry time, contacts CR9 close to complete a circuit from the line I52, contacts CR9, contacts MCR3c (now closed), the units order carry commutator I88 and units order winding AM, to line I5I. This circuit also branches through the units order nines contact I31, I36, which are now closed, and

thence to the windings AM of successive denominational orders to effect the addition of a unit to the accumulator wheel of each denominational order thereby advancing the accumulator wheels of all orders to zero.

Stop key operation.--Card feeding and printing may be interrupted at any time during the'r breaking the holding circuit through relays R1 and R2 so these relays become deenergized when contacts CFI open, resulting in the opening of contacts RIa to deenergize magnets CF and I3 at the proper time to stop the operations at the end of a cycle.

List control switch-A multicontact relay MCRI (Fig. 14) is provided which is energized due to closure of contacts R20 whenever cards are feeding and causes closure of the contacts MCRIa, during the period that the cards are passing the brushes. A switch l9I is provided which, when closed, will enable the completion of a circuit from line I5I, contacts CRI3, Rte. switch I9I, contacts FCRIa, relay MCR2 to line I52. When this switch is closed, listing of the data sensed is prevented, even though the plug connections "I are made, due to the fact that relay MCR2 causes opening of its contacts MCRZa so the circuit from the brushes LB cannot branch to the printing magnets PM. As explained hereinbefore, however, total printing circuits may be completed if switch I13 is closed to permit energization of relay MCR2 during a total cycle, in which case connection I'II is connected to the readout common I44 through contacts MCR2b.

Paper spacing-The paper space magnet SP is energized each time the print clutch magnet 10 is energized and the circuit is traceable from line I 5|, magnet SP (Fig. 14), contacts 14a (closed by the armature of magnet 19), contacts CRI'I to line I52. During total printing operations an additional impulse is given to magnet SP to obtain an extra space after the total. As explained above, there are two cycles following a group change during the first of which the total is printed and magnet SP is energized due to closure of contacts 14a. Also, during this cycle relay R3 is energized, closing its contacts R3} so that during the second or reset cycle, magnet SP may beenergized again when contacts CRII close and spacing again takes place.

. SETTING ACCUMULATOR WHEELS r0 Pasnn'rsammzn AMOUNT WHICH Is Posn'rva It has previously been described that the machine is provided with a resetting mechanism whereby the accumulator elements may be reset to 0" at the termination of a series of accounting operations. In certain types of accounting operations it is desirable that instead of resetting the accumulator wheels to 0 that such wheels be operated to receive an amount herein called the initial entry or amount and which entry or amount forms part of the subsequent accounting operations. To this end the present machine is provided with a selective arrangement comprising a manual setup device for causing the accumulator wheels to be reset to "0" or they may receive a subsequent entry. The setting up of the initial entry is preferably efiected under control of the manual setup devices disclosed in Figs. 15a and 1512. In orderto simplify the description, this operation of the machine will be explained in connection with only three denominational orders; the units, tens and hundreds orders. For manually setting up the predetermined amount, or initial entry, there is provided a. series of three manually set wheels 290, a portion of which projects through slots formed in a cabinet cover. Each wheel is provided with a series of indicia which facilitate the setting up of the wheels so as to represent the predetermined amount, as will be seen from Fig. 15a.

To the wheels 2 of each denominational order, there is secured a plurality of brush assemblies 2, each brush being coordinated with relatedi series of segments 202 and each brush assembly having a single common collector ring 2. From the above description and Fig. a it will be seen that each denominational order of the manual setup device comprises six sections, each section comprising a double readout, making twelve readouts, the brush assemblies of which are concurrently set under control oi. the related setup wheel 2". Each wheel is held in the position to which it is set by means of a spring pressed detent which cooperates with the dentated periphery of the related wheel 20!.

There has been previously described the resetting devices whereby the accumulator wheels may be reset to "0 by the tens complemental process comprising the addition of the nines complement to the amount standing on the accumulator plus the entry of the additional unit in the units denominational order to bring the accumulator wheels to 0. In carrying out the assasro emitter RE and the second section 01! the readout device associated with the accumulator shown operation of the machine wherein the accumu- 1 lator wheels instead of being set to 0 are set to a number predetermined by the setting of the wheels 200, it is preferable to utilize the same resetting mechanism but modifying its operation 50 that instead of the wheels being reset to 01' they will be set to the predetermined amount. Several examples will now be given explaining the principles of operation so that the operation of the mechanism involved, and which is to be later described will be more clearly understood.

Assuming, for example, that the accumulator is to be reset to 0, it will be recalled that this is effected by adding the nines complement of the amount standing in the accumulator, and later adding the additional unit in the units denominational order. This operation is outlined below:

0638 Amount standing in accumulator 9361 Nines complement of amount standing in accumulator 1 Additional unit Assume, for example, that instead of resetting the accumulator wheels to "0" from -0638- such wheels should be set to represent -0013. The principle wherein this is effected is outlined below:

0638 in accumulator Amount standing wheels 9361 Nines complement of amount standing in accumulator 0013 Initial entry 1 Additional unit 0013 Initial entry on accumulator wheels diagrammatically inFig. 14a. In the normal uing relationship between emitter RE and the second section of the readout device of the accumulator shown in Fig. 14a, the nines complement of the amount standing in the accumulator is added to the amount in the accumulator and by the addition of the fugitive unit in the units denominational order the accumulator wheels are brought to "0." In setting the'accumulator wheels to a predetermined amount the wiring relationship between the wires II! and the wires I93 is altered and a new relationshi is established between these wires under-contro oi the manual setup device and the associated electrical setup devices. The relationship is so changed in each order that instead of bringing each accumulator wheel to 0, an electrical digit representing impulse is transmitted to the winding AM of each accumulator wheel, so as to bring the accumulator wheel to a position to represent the digit of the initial amount. The change in relationship between the second section of the readout devices of the hundreds order of the accumulator, for example, and the reset emitter RE is eiiected under control of the magnets In, in, 371., 4n, and a carry operation magnet BC, BB or BA, for the hundreds, tens and units orders respectively, and such magnets are energized in accordance with the amount standing on the accumulator wheels and the setup of the wheels 200 which represent the initial entry. In order to more clearly understand the operation of the machine in carrying out the lastmentioned problem, it will be assumed in the following description that the accumulator wheel represents the amount -0638- and that such wheels are to be set so as to represent -0013-.

It is explained that the operation of the accumulator to receive the initial entry or amount is effected during the reset cycle of the accumulator, but previous to this cycle of operation, which is the total print cycle, there is a preliminary operation which is described herein as determination of carry operations." These carry operations involve the reestablishment of the wiring connections between the reset emitter RE and the second readout section or the accumulators. While the operation of the machine involving the problem now under discussion does not require carry operations in the reestablishment of the wiring connections, a reference to this particular operation of the machine will now be generally given at this time so that a subsequent problem, which will be later explained, will be more clearly understood as the specification progresses. In the problem now to be described, the so-called carry determinations are not effected, but parts oi the machine will nevertheless operate so as to determine that carry operations for the problem last selected will not be effected.

In the particular problem now under discussion it is assumed that the accumulator represents the amount -0638- and that such wheels are to be repositioned so as to represent -0013-. From what has been previously described, the repositioning of the accumulator wheels to indicate this initial entry is efiected by the reestablishment of wiring connections between the reset emitter RE and the second readout section of the accumulator. Whether or not carry operations should be effected in the reestablishment of wiring connections in the difierent denominational orders is determined by the addition oi. the nines complement standing in the accumulator or -9361-, to 

